Penguins:

In the second unit of my class Population, we learned a lot about the evolution of the earth. We went to Lincoln Park Zoo, to see how different animals look alike and how closely they were related. We also learned about different math concepts such as standard deviation and how to categorize a data set. 

My project is based on the King Penguin, the King Penguin is 1 of 18 members of its family. There are about 18–21 species in 1 family (Spheniscidae) with 6 species found in oceans of the Southern Hemisphere.

The data I chose to focus on was the average life span of a King Penguin, so below I have data in the range of their life span.

a) 10

b) 9

c) 3

d) 9

e) 27

f) 21

g) 13

h) 3

i) 19

j) 22

k) 10

l) 12

Mean 
13.166666666667

Median 
11

Mode
10, 9, 3

Range
24

Minimum
3

Maximum 

27

The Box and Whisker plot helps show how the data is distributed, this also gives an idea as to the lifespan data.

nPr :
12!
(12 - 3)!
= 1320


nCr :
12!
(3!(12-3)!)


12!
3! x 9!
= 220

Combination vs Permutation: 

Combination and Permutation is the way that a set is arranged. Permutation means the order of the chosen set matters and combination means the order does not matter.  For this AP I have to choose Combinations because that is showing the number of different set I could have chosen. After all I did have to choose the 3 organisms that would survive.

Test Score  (x)	Difference from the mean (x- x)	(Difference from the mean)2  (x-x)2
10	-3.16	9.9856
9	-4.16	17.3056
3	-10.16	103.2256
9	-4.16	17.3056
27	13.84	191.5456
21	7.84	61.4656
13	0.16	0.0256
3	10.16	103.2256
19	5.84	34.1056
22 10 12	8.84 3.16 -1.16	78.1456 9.9856 1.3456
	Sum of (Difference from the mean)2 (x-x)2

(Slide show still in the works, will be finished by Saturday 11 AM.)

In conclusion, this project was really fun to do and I enjoyed learning more about Harbor seals, I found it interesting that King Penguins have an ancestor called the Great Auk. I definitely think that this should be a project that is done again.

Work cited:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Great Auk | History, Habitat, Extinct, and Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 July 2019, www.britannica.com/animal/great-auk.

“The Extinction of the Great Auk.” John James Audubon Center at Mill Grove, 22 Dec. 2015, johnjames.audubon.org/extinction-great-auk.